Name: Other electrolytes(JC-20)（0.1M NaPF6+1.0M LiPF6 in EC:DMC:DEC=1:1:1 vol% with 5.0%FEC）
Brand: Canrud
Price: 90.61 USD

Question 1

Accepted Answer

The recommended voltage range for lithium electrolyte (KLD-LP02)(1.0M LiPF6 in EC:DEC = 1:1 vol% with 5.0%FEC) is 2.5-4.3V vs. Li˙/Li.
The electrolyte is based on a conventional carbonate solvent system and is suitable for medium and low voltage positive electrode systems such as lithium iron phosphate, common ternary materials (such as NCM523), lithium cobalt oxide, etc. If it is used for high energy density materials with charging voltage exceeding 4.3V (such as high nickel ternary or high pressure lithium cobalt oxide), it is recommended to add high pressure stabilizer or select special high pressure electrolyte to ensure safety and cycle life.

Question 2

Accepted Answer

The recommended electrolytes for PMMA-based gel polymer electrolytes are:

👉1.0M LiPFⅨ or LiTFSI is dissolved in mixed solvents such as EC/PC, EC/DMC, EC/EMC, etc., and the volume ratio is usually 3:7 or 1:1.

For example:
-1M LiPF₆ in EC:EMC = 3:7 (vol%)
-1M LiClO₄ in EC:PC = 1:1
-1M LiTFSI in EC:DMC = 1:1

This type of electrolyte has good compatibility with PMMA and can effectively swell to form a gel with high ionic conductivity (up to 10? S/cm), which is suitable for lithium-ion battery systems. This recommendation is based on experimental data and material interaction mechanisms in the literature.

Question 3

Accepted Answer

Goods, support direct purchase or custom packaging.

Question 4

Accepted Answer

Not exactly the same.
Although the main salt (1.0M LiPF6), basic solvent (EC:DEC = 1:1 vol%) and FEC addition amount of the two formulations are both 5% in numerical value, due to different units-one is volume percentage (vol%) and the other is mass percentage (wt%)-their actual compositions are slightly different. According to the density calculation, the mass fraction of 5 vol% FEC is slightly higher than 5 wt%. Therefore, strictly speaking, the two formulations are not equivalent. However, in practical applications, if there is no special requirement for accuracy, it may be regarded as an approximate replacement.

Question 5

Accepted Answer

The total concentration of lithium ions in the electrolyte (KLD-S13) of the lithium-sulfur battery was 1.1 M.

Question 6

Accepted Answer

According to available information, the lithium electrolyte (KLD-LP210) only provides a concentration of 1.0M LiPF6, and there is no higher concentration version such as 2M or 3M.

Question 7

Accepted Answer

The electrolyte is homogeneous.

Question 8

Accepted Answer

The concentration of lithium electrolyte (KLD-LP17) 1.0M LiPF6 in EC:EMC = 3:7 vol% is 1.0 mol/l (1.0M). This means 1.0 moles of LiPF6 per liter of electrolyte.

Question 9

Accepted Answer

Lipid electrolytes containing NaPFthat are typically made from NaPFthat as sodium salt, dissolved in one or more of the following ester solvents:
-Ethylene Carbonate (EC)
-Dimethyl carbonate (DMC)
-Diethyl carbonate (DEC)
-Ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC)
-Propylene carbonate (PC)

This type of electrolyte is commonly used in sodium-ion batteries, and its solvent system is similar to lithium, but sodium salt is used instead of lithium salt. This is a reasonable inference of the sodium-electric system based on existing knowledge.

Question 10

Accepted Answer

We have this electrolyte, its product code is: MA-EN-ET-0093.

The product information is as follows:
-Name: Lithium Electrolyte (KLD-LP181)
-Formula: 1.0M LiPF in EC:DMC = 1:1 (vol%) with 2.0% VC
-Specifications: 50g, 100g, 250g, 500g, 1000g
-Inventory: in stock (999)
-Storage conditions: to be stored in a glove box with moisture <5ppm, temperature <24°C

This code corresponds to the exact formula you are querying.

Question 11

Accepted Answer

Yes, we provide the electrolyte. The product name is "lithium battery electrolyte (KLD-LP02)", the model is MA-EN-ET-0090, and the composition is 1.0M LiPF6 in EC:DMC = 1:1 (vol%) + 2% VC, which is exactly the same as your requirements. Existing 50g to 1000g a variety of specifications, sufficient inventory, can be shipped at any time.

Question 12

Accepted Answer

No, lithium electrolyte (KLD-LP40) is not an aqueous electrolyte. According to its formula "1.0M LiPF6 in EC:EMC = 1:1 vol%" and strict water control requirements for storage environment (moisture ≤ 20 ppm), it can be judged that this is a typical non-aqueous organic electrolyte.

Question 13

Accepted Answer

Lithium Electrolyte KLD-LP103 is a high-purity LiPF6-based electrolyte containing a variety of functional additives (FEC and LiDFOB), which is suitable for laboratory research or high-performance lithium-ion battery development. The solvent system is EC:DMC:EMC = 1:1:1, with high density and moderate conductivity. Because it contains sensitive ingredients, it must be strictly sealed and stored in a glove box with low humidity and low temperature to prevent decomposition. Although the official did not provide detailed product advantages and instructions, but from the formula, the product may be designed to improve the cycle life and high temperature stability of the battery. Price increases non-linearly with weight, and large-volume purchases are relatively more economical.

Question 14

Accepted Answer

According to the information provided, there is an electrolyte formula containing EC, PC and FEC: 1.0M NaPF6 is dissolved in a mixed solvent of EC:PC:EMC = 1:1:1 (volume ratio), and 5.0% FEC is added. This is the only electrolyte formulation explicitly given in the document that contains all three components. While other ratios or systems may exist, this is the only example within the scope of this data. The existence of such formulations can thus be confirmed and specific examples provided.

Question 15

Accepted Answer

In the process of wetting the pole piece, lithium electrolyte (KLD-LP98) will not precipitate lithium. Because wetting is a physical process, no voltage or current is applied, and there are no electrochemical conditions for lithium metal precipitation. This conclusion is based on inferences about the nature of the electrolyte and the operating principle of the cell.

Question 16

Accepted Answer

-According to the information provided by the knowledge base, the electrolyte used for the hard carbon negative electrode contained 5.0% FEC, which indicates that FEC is the film-forming agent used to form the SEI film in this system.
-Therefore, FEC is the main SEI film-forming additive in this sodium battery hard carbon negative electrode system.

### Final answer

In sodium-ion battery hard carbon negative systems, the additive typically used to form the SEI film (but not the CEI film) is FEC (fluoroethylene carbonate). According to the knowledge base information, the electrolyte used is 1.0M NaClO in EC:DEC(1:1) containing 5.0% FEC, indicating that FEC is used as SEI film former to improve the first efficiency and cycle stability.

Question 17

Accepted Answer

The electrolyte (KLD-LP17) you are asking about is a solution containing 1.0 mol/L of LiPFthat has a molar mass of about 151.9g/mol.

Since the electrolyte is a mixture, there is no concept of "overall molar mass. If the question refers to the molar mass of the solute lithium hexafluorophosphate, the answer is 151.9g/mol.

Question 18

Accepted Answer

At present, there is no electrolyte in our standard product catalog that exactly matches "1M LiPFin 30% v FEC + 70% v EMC. Existing products such as KLD-LP266 contain FEC(10%), but also contain EC, VC, PS and other components, and the proportion of FEC is low. The electrolyte you are asking is a special formula with no EC and high FEC(30%) and is not on the regular spot list.

However, based on our R & D capabilities in multi-component electrolytes, the formulation supports custom production. It is recommended to contact technical support or sales department to provide detailed requirements in order to evaluate the customization cycle and feasibility.

Question 19

Accepted Answer

Yes, we have this electrolyte. The product name is "lithium battery electrolyte (KLD-LP181)", the model is MA-EN-ET-0093, the composition is 1.0M LiPFis dissolved in EC:DMC = 1:1 (vol%) solvent, and contains 2.0 VC additive, which is completely consistent with the formula you inquired about. Available in a variety of specifications from 50g to 1000g, currently available in stock and need to be stored in a dry environment (such as a glove box).

Question 20

Accepted Answer

It is recommended to use NaPF6 dissolved in EC/DMC/DEC solvent system, and add a small amount of ionic liquid or fluoride additive electrolyte. This electrolyte system can provide higher ionic conductivity, better interface stability and oxidation resistance, and is suitable for use with sodium-oxygen cathode materials (such as O3 or P2 type). If higher thermal stability and cycle life are required, NaFSI or NaTFSI may be considered as the electrolyte.

Question 21

Accepted Answer

Lithium electrolyte (KLD-LP20)(1.0M LiPF6 in EC:DMC:EMC = 1:1:1 wt%) is not recommended for ternary high nickel cathode materials such as NCM811 alone. Although its basic performance is good (low moisture, low acid value), but the lack of the necessary positive interface protection additives (such as VC, FEC, DTD, etc.), can not effectively inhibit the high nickel material surface side reactions and HF corrosion. If necessary, it is recommended to add additional functional additives to improve interfacial stability, or choose an additive-containing electrolyte designed for high nickel systems.

Question 22

Accepted Answer

When using a self-made spinel negative electrode (such as Li? Ti? O?) and testing with a KLD-LP85 electrolyte (containing 10% FEC), the phenomenon of "overcharge" was observed after increasing the charge-discharge rate from 1C to 3C. The most reasonable explanation is:

> At high magnification, due to the significant enhancement of electrode polarization (especially electrochemical and concentration polarization), the voltage response lags behind during the charging process, and the constant voltage phase is forced to extend, so that the charging capacity recorded by the system is higher than the normal value at low magnification, showing the illusion of "one more lap. At the same time, FEC additives may undergo additional decomposition under high polarization conditions, contributing a small amount of irreversible capacity, further amplifying this effect. In addition, if the electrode preparation is not uniform or poor contact, the non-uniform reaction of the local area may also cause the overall capacity reading to be abnormal.

This phenomenon is not a true "overcharge" failure, but is more likely the result of a combination of test conditions and control logic. The following measures are recommended for verification:
-Use a three-electrode system to monitor the true negative potential;
-Optimize the constant voltage cut-off current threshold;
-Conduct EIS test to compare the impedance difference under different magnification;
-Confirm whether a net increase in capacity has really occurred or is simply the result of an extended charging time.

> Note: This conclusion is based on the reasonable inference of the behavior of the spinel anode and the characteristics of the electrolyte, and the specific mechanism needs to be further verified with the experimental data.

Question 23

Accepted Answer

Yes, we have this electrolyte. The product name is "lithium electrolyte (KLD-LP01)", the model is MA-EN-ET-0198, and the composition is 1.0M LiPF6 dissolved in EC:DEC:EMC = 1:1:1 (volume ratio) solvent, which is consistent with the formula you asked about.

Question 24

Accepted Answer

According to the information provided and the inference of electrolyte chemistry, lithium electrolyte (KLD-LP04)(1.0M LiPF6 in EC:DMC:EMC = 1:1:1 vol%) is not resistant to 4.9V high voltage. This is a standard base electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries of conventional voltage. Under the high voltage of 4.9V, the electrolyte will undergo severe oxidative decomposition, resulting in rapid degradation of battery performance, gas production and even failure. If you need to support 4.9V, you must use a special high-voltage electrolyte.

Question 25

Accepted Answer

According to the available information, the main difference between "ternary electrolyte (KLD-1230C)" and "lithium ion secondary electrolyte (LB-015),1M LiPF6 in DEC:EC = 1:1 vol%" may be:

-Different solvent systems: "Ternary electrolyte" should contain three organic solvents (such as EC + DEC + EMC, etc.) to optimize conductivity, low temperature performance and interface stability; while "LB-015" is a binary system (DEC:EC = 1:1), the structure is simpler and the cost may be lower.
-Different application directions: "Ternary electrolyte" may be designed for high nickel ternary cathode materials (such as NCM), emphasizing cycle life and safety performance; while "LB-015" is more inclined to general-purpose lithium-ion battery electrolyte.
-Different additive possibilities: Similar products show that even if the base concentration is the same (e. g. 1M LiPF6), the actual product often contains functional additives (e. g. FEC, VC, LiBOB). If the "KLD-1230C" is a high-performance model, it is likely to contain a variety of additives, while the "LB-015" may be a pure base system unless otherwise specified.

Final conclusion (based on inference):

Although "KLD-1230C" and "LB-015" do not appear directly in the knowledge base, the core difference between the two is: "ternary electrolyte (KLD-1230C)" is probably a high-performance electrolyte optimized for ternary cathode materials and containing three solvents or multiple additives; The "lithium ion secondary electrolyte (LB-015)" describes the basic 1M LiPF6 binary electrolyte (DEC:EC = 1:1), which is a material for routine experiments. Therefore, there are significant differences between the two in the formulation system, performance objectives and application scenarios.

Question 26

Accepted Answer

None

Question 27

Accepted Answer

It can be inferred that the listed substances-propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), vinylene carbonate (VC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), ethyl propionate (EP), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6)-are used as key components of lithium-ion battery electrolytes in relevant literature and practice, and are available in high purity with corresponding specifications. Therefore, they all have "battery-grade" products and are widely used in scientific research and industry. Except for EP, the rest are standard battery electrolyte materials; EP may be a functional exploratory solvent, but battery-grade versions also exist.

Question 28

Accepted Answer

The electrolyte is mainly composed of the following three parts:
1. Electrolyte lithium salt: the most commonly used is lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPFis), which is used to provide mobile lithium ions;
2. Organic solvents: mostly carbonate compounds, such as ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), propylene carbonate (PC), etc., play a role in dissolving lithium salts and promoting ion conduction;
3. Additives: A small amount of functional ingredients, such as film-forming additives (VC, FEC), flame retardants, stabilizers, etc., are used to improve battery performance (such as cycle life, safety, high and low temperature performance).

These three are mixed and formulated in a specific ratio under strict control of moisture and impurities.

Question 29

Accepted Answer

Comparing solvent polarity, sulfide electrolytes are more stable in nonpolar solvents.

Question 30

Accepted Answer

The electrolyte used for the test data of nickel-cobalt-aluminum NCA-S (model CU-EN-PL-8004) on the official website is: 1M LiPFis dissolved in EC:EMC (3:7) basic electrolyte, and does not contain FEC or other film-forming additives. If you need to test the electrolyte containing FEC and other additives, you need to contact customer service to customize. Thus, the currently published performance data reflect performance under standard additive-free conditions.

Question 31

Accepted Answer

Taking out the lithium electrolyte (KLD-LP98) and testing the contact angle, surface tension and dynamic viscosity in air is a safety hazard and not recommended operation.

The reasons are as follows:
-The electrolyte contains LiPFis extremely sensitive to moisture, exposed to the air will quickly absorb moisture, hydrolysis reaction, release toxic, corrosive hydrofluoric acid (HF);
-Not only will it cause distortion of test data (because the electrolyte has deteriorated), but it may also cause damage to operators and instruments;
-The correct approach should be to complete sampling and testing in an inert atmosphere glove box (H₂ O < 5 ppm), or use a sealed in-situ measuring device to avoid air contact.

>>⚠Suggestion: If it is necessary to test on external equipment, it should be operated quickly, the control time is less than 1 minute, and protective equipment should be worn; but the best solution is still to use the test system integrated in the glove box.

Question 32

Accepted Answer

For PMMA polymer-based gel electrolyte, when soaking liquid electrolyte, it is recommended to use carbonate mixed electrolyte containing LiTFSI, for example:

-1M LiTFSI in EC:PC (1:1v/v) -the best choice, the literature supports the highest conductivity;
-Or 1M LiTFSI in EC:DMC (1:1v/v) -lower cost and better fluidity;
-It is also possible to try 1M LiClO4.or LiAsF in EC:PC, but the security is slightly lower.

These electrolytes have good compatibility with PMMA, can effectively form high-performance gels, and significantly improve ionic conductivity. Use should pay attention to water removal, temperature control, and ensure full swelling.

Question 33

Accepted Answer

The ternary electrolyte solvent is usually a mixed solvent system consisting of three carbonate solvents, and common combinations include EC (ethylene carbonate)/DEC (diethyl carbonate)/DMC (dimethyl carbonate) or EC (ethylene carbonate)/DMC (dimethyl carbonate)/EMC (methyl ethyl carbonate). This combination can optimize the performance of the electrolyte, such as improved conductivity, enhanced stability, and improved electrochemical performance.

If you need a more specific combination ratio or application scenario, please explain further.

Question 34

Accepted Answer

According to the document, the lipid (ester) electrolyte includes GBL, MF, EC, DMC, DEC, EMC and PC. These are components used as organic solvents in lithium ion battery electrolytes.

Question 35

Accepted Answer

Low-temperature electrolytes are usually systems with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as the main solvent, which can be combined with other solvents such as EMC as required, and the use of DEC can be avoided or reduced. This type of electrolyte is suitable for applications requiring low temperature discharge or low temperature cycling performance. Whether to add specific additives (such as PS, FEC, etc.) needs to be optimized according to the specific positive and negative materials and working conditions. This conclusion is extrapolated from the discussion of solvent properties in the literature.

Question 36

Accepted Answer

PVDF should be chosen as the binder for the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode.

Summary of reasons:
-PVDF has good electrochemical stability and can remain stable at voltages up to 5V, which is very suitable for the working window of 2-4.8V;
-CMC is a water-based binder, which contains easy-to-oxidize functional groups, and is prone to side reactions under high voltage of 4.8V, which will lead to rapid deterioration of battery performance;
-Industrial practice and literature have shown that high-voltage positive electrode materials (e. g. lithium-rich manganese-based, ternary materials) must use PVDF or similar high-pressure-resistant binders.

>>✅Recommended scheme: the positive electrode uses PVDF (soluble in NMP), and the negative electrode uses CMC/SBR (water system), which is the standard and the best performance matching method.

Question 37

Accepted Answer

In this case, it is recommended to use energy density graphite, because the lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode itself has a higher specific capacity and working voltage, and the energy density graphite can better play its advantage of high energy density. At the same time, the electrolyte used KLD-LP70 support a voltage range of 4.8V, which can theoretically meet the requirements of the system. However, it should be noted that the cycle stability and interfacial compatibility of energy density graphite under this high pressure system should be verified in the actual test to ensure long-term performance. This is a reasonable inference based on material properties and system design goals.

Question 38

Accepted Answer

The electrolyte used for the 811 of the positive ternary system usually has the following characteristics:
LiPFis used as lithium salt, EC DEC/EMC is used as solvent combination, and functional additives such as VC, FEC, PS, DTD, LiPOF₂ are added. This type of electrolyte is designed to meet the high nickel positive electrode oxidation stability at high voltage, good interface film forming ability, low gas production (especially high temperature) and long cycle life requirements. Although there is no specific product name listed in the knowledge base, it can be determined from a technical point of view that the electrolyte suitable for the NCM811 system is a high-pressure stable, composite additive electrolyte, and in practical applications, it is mostly jointly developed and customized by battery companies and electrolyte suppliers.

Question 39

Accepted Answer

Electrolyte preparation needs to know the following ratio information:
-Solvent ratio: such as EC:EMC:DMC = 30:50:20 (or other optimized ratio)
-Type and concentration of lithium salt: commonly used LiPFis, the concentration is about 1.0~1.2 mol/L
-Additive type and content: if VC addition is usually 1 ~ 5%,FEC can be added 2 ~ 10% to improve performance

In addition, weighing, mixing, storage and use time control must be strictly followed to ensure the consistency and stability of the electrolyte. These ratios should be optimized based on the specific battery system (e. g. positive and negative materials, operating temperature range).

Question 40

Accepted Answer

Lithium electrolyte (KLD-LP05)(1.0M LiPF6 in EC:DEC = 1:1) is not a 'commercial electrolyte' in the direct sense, but its formulation is fully in line with commercial standards and can be regarded as the 'basic mother liquor' or 'quasi-commercial electrolyte '.

The detailed description is as follows:

-✅Advantages: Mainstream lithium salt (LiPF), standard concentration (1.0M), common solvent ratio (EC:DEC = 1:1), and strict impurity control (moisture ≤ 20ppm, acid value ≤ 50ppm) are adopted, which has the basic conditions for becoming a commercial electrolyte.
-⚠Limitations: No additives, small packaging, sales for the scientific research market, mainly used for laboratory research, has not yet entered the large-scale battery production line.

👉Therefore:
It is a high-performance experimental product developed based on commercial electrolyte formula, which can be used to simulate commercial system and optimize battery performance. If further functional additives are added and production is enlarged, it can be converted into real commercial electrolyte.

If you need an electrolyte that is "directly used in mass production batteries", it is recommended to customize a ton-level packaging version with additives; if it is used for research and development, it is KLD-LP05 a very suitable choice.

Question 41

Accepted Answer

The lithium electrolyte (KLD-LP175) contains LiPF6, and may be decomposed in the presence of a trace amount of moisture to generate HF, which is corrosive to a certain extent. Although the free acid content is controlled at a low level (≤ 50 ppm), it may still react slowly with metal materials such as iron and steel, especially under humid or long-term contact conditions. Therefore, it is not recommended to use containers or tools made of iron or steel in direct contact with the electrolyte. It is recommended to use corrosion-resistant materials (such as plastic, glass or inert treated materials such as stainless steel 316L) for handling and storage.

Question 42

Accepted Answer

Lithium electrolyte (KLD-FS15)(1.0M LiFSI in EC:DEC = 1:1) is not a 'commercial electrolyte' in the current sense '.

The reasons are as follows:
1.✅Its lithium salt is LiFSI, instead of LiPF, which is used in mainstream commercial electrolytes;
2.✅High cost, easy moisture absorption, glove box operation, not suitable for large-scale automated production;
3.✅Sales specifications are small, the customer is a university, and the positioning is clear for experimental materials;
4.✅It has not yet entered the mainstream power battery supply chain.

But it is a high-performance functional electrolyte suitable:
-Research and development of new battery systems (e. g. silicon anodes, solid-state batteries);
-High and low temperature performance optimization;
-It may serve as a technical reserve for the next generation of commercial electrolytes in the future.

👉Therefore, it is not a commercial electrolyte at present, but it represents a development direction of commercial electrolyte in the future.

Question 43

Accepted Answer

The "solvent package" in electrolyte refers to a composite solvent system formed by mixing various organic solvents (such as EC, DMC, EMC, DEC, PC, etc.) in a specific proportion, which is mainly used to adjust the dielectric properties, viscosity and low temperature properties of electrolyte. "Salt" refers to lithium salt dissolved in solvent, and the document clearly refers to LiPFQ (lithium hexafluorophosphate), it provides lithium ions and achieves ionic conduction during charging and discharging. Therefore, electrolyte = lithium salt (e. g. LiPF) organic solvent package (e. g. EC/DMC/EMC mixture).

Question 44

Accepted Answer

The main solvents are PC, EC, and DEC; the specific formulation is not disclosed by the technical department.

Question 45

Accepted Answer

According to the available data, it is impossible to point out exactly why the use of P2 layered oxide as a positive electrode material and a KLD-NF22 electrolyte will cause a short circuit in the battery. However, it is speculated that the possible reasons include but are not limited to: surface defects of the positive electrode material, metal impurity contamination, diaphragm damage, side reactions caused by excessive moisture in the electrolyte, and improper storage or assembly process. In order to more accurately diagnose the problem, it is recommended to further check the experimental conditions, material purity and preparation process, and consider detailed characterization analysis such as SEM, XRD, etc. to confirm the specific cause. This is a reasonable inference based on existing information.

Question 46

Accepted Answer

The symbol for "volume ratio" is v/v, which means "volume to volume.
For example, mixing 3 mL EC with 7 mL DMC can be expressed as EC:DMC = 3:7 (v/v).

Question 47

Accepted Answer

According to the knowledge base content, we can find some electrolyte formulations that can be used directly. For example, there is a simple formula in the electrolyte of lithium-sulfur batteries: 1.0M LiTFSI in DME:DOL = 1:1 Vol%. This electrolyte can be used directly and has good performance.

In addition, there is an electrolyte (KLD-1376) suitable for lithium-cobalt system, which can be directly applied to soft-pack batteries, with good low-temperature discharge performance and excellent cycle performance.

Summary: The simplest electrolyte includes 1.0M LiTFSI in DME:DOL = 1:1 vol% lithium-sulfur battery electrolyte and electrolyte (KLD-1376) suitable for lithium-cobalt system. These electrolytes can be used directly without further treatment. It should be noted that this is only an inference, and the specific application also needs to be selected according to actual needs.

Question 48

Accepted Answer

When powdered lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) is used to prepare the electrolyte, if EC, DMC and EMC are selected as the solvent system, the recommended common ratio is EC:DMC:EMC = 1:1:1 (volume ratio) or 3:4:3 (volume ratio), and the lithium salt concentration is usually 1 mol/L. This formula is widely used in lithium-ion batteries, taking into account the film-forming properties, conductivity and temperature adaptability. The specific selection can be adjusted according to the actual application requirements (such as high and low temperature performance, cycle life, etc.).

Question 49

Accepted Answer

Based on the information provided, the specific composition of the "Graphite Electrolyte (KLD-1230C)" was not disclosed because it is the company's core technical secret. However, it can be inferred that it is likely to be a mixture of lithium salt (such as lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF6) and one or more organic solvents (such as ethylene carbonate EC, dimethyl carbonate DMC, ethyl methyl carbonate EMC, etc.) in a certain proportion, and may also include some special additives to optimize battery performance. Exact ingredient ratios and recipe details are not provided.

Question 50

Accepted Answer

The solvent system used in the lithium cobalt oxide electrolyte (KLD-1376) is an ester, specifically a carbonate organic solvent (such as EC, DMC, EMC, etc.), so it can be determined that the electrolyte is an ester-based electrolyte.

Question 51

Accepted Answer

Sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF6) is an important inorganic salt with specific physical and chemical properties, such as high melting point, certain water solubility and acidic pH. It is mainly used in scientific research and in the field of energy materials, for example as a component of battery electrolytes. Due to its sensitivity to humidity and temperature, storage requires special attention to sealing and environmental conditions.

Question 52

Accepted Answer

According to the general practice of the industry, the main difference between 3A, 4A and 5A molecular sieves lies in their pore size and adsorption selectivity. For the removal of water from electrolyte or solvent, 3A molecular sieve is the most suitable choice because it only allows water molecules to enter and excludes common carbonate solvents (such as EC, DMC, DEC). 4A and 5A molecular sieves are not recommended for this purpose because of their large pore size, which may adsorb solvent molecules and affect the composition of electrolyte. While this conclusion is not directly from the context provided, it is in accordance with standard operating practices for lithium battery electrolyte handling.

Question 53

Accepted Answer

According to the information provided by the knowledge base, there is no direct evidence that lithium sulfur electrolyte (KLD-S03) has a toxic or irritating odor. However, in order to ensure safety, it is recommended to refer to the product safety data sheet (SDS) or contact the supplier for more accurate information.

Question 54

Accepted Answer

Not yet commercially produced.

Question 55

Accepted Answer

The electrode foil is a double-sided carbon-coated aluminum foil; the other side is coated with a carbon layer

Question 56

Accepted Answer

Li3InCl6, LZOC — please check the official website for details.

Question 57

Accepted Answer

Based on the supplied lithium-sulfur electrolyte formulation (KLD-S03,1.0M LiTFSI in DOL:DME = 1:1 with 2.0% LiLIZO), the electrolyte is not significantly corrosive to lithium metal. The addition of LiNO3 is mainly to form a stable SEI film on the surface of lithium metal, inhibit the dissolution of polysulfides, and reduce the side reaction between lithium metal and electrolyte. Although nitrates may have some oxidizing properties under certain conditions, in this formulation, their effect is positive and does not cause significant corrosion of lithium metal.

Question 58

Accepted Answer

At present, there are none.

Question 59

Accepted Answer

Demand for LLZO-coated separators is currently low; they require customization. The minimum order quantity for customization is 5,000 m².

Question 60

Accepted Answer

It depends on the intended use. If it is for assembling pellet cells for electrical testing, the powder needs to be pressed into green bodies, then sintered into ceramics, and finally ground and polished for use. The green body can be made without adding other substances, or sintering aids, binders, etc. can be added. If used as a filler for polymer composite electrolytes, it can be added directly, or the particle size can be controlled according to experimental requirements before use.

Question 61

Accepted Answer

As a polymer electrolyte matrix, it is combined with other components, for example lithium salts, fillers, polymers, etc.

Question 62

Accepted Answer

The "LiF6PO4" in the "LiF6PO4 EC:DEC:EMC = 1:1:1vol%" you mentioned should be a mistake of "LiPFetc" (lithium hexafluorophosphate).
The correct meaning is: lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPFis) with a concentration of 1 mol/L is dissolved in a solvent in which ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) are mixed at a volume ratio of 1:1:1.
This is a common lithium-ion battery electrolyte formulation that balances conductivity, SEI film-forming properties, and temperature adaptability.

Question 63

Accepted Answer

The procedure for preparing a sodium vanadium phosphate (NVP)-D battery is as follows:

1. Positive electrode preparation:
-Sodium vanadium phosphate (NVP) is used as a positive electrode active material, and is mixed with a conductive agent (such as carbon black) and a binder (such as PVDF) in a certain ratio to prepare a positive electrode slurry.
-The slurry was uniformly coated on an aluminum foil, dried and rolled to form a positive electrode sheet.

2. Negative electrode preparation:
-Graphite or other carbon material is selected as the negative electrode active material and mixed with a binder (e. g. CMC, SBR) to make a negative electrode slurry.
-The slurry was uniformly coated on a copper foil, dried and rolled to form a negative electrode sheet.

3. Electrolyte configuration:
-Choose an electrolyte suitable for the sodium ion system, usually containing sodium salt (such as NaPF50) and organic solvents (such as EC, DMC, DEC).
-The electrolyte should be prepared in a dry environment and ensure its purity to avoid impurities affecting battery performance.

4. Battery assembly:
-Laminate the positive electrode sheet, the diaphragm and the negative electrode sheet in order and inject the electrolyte.
-Encapsulate to ensure that the internal environment of the battery is free of moisture and oxygen.

5. Formation test:
-The battery is subjected to chemical formation treatment, and the battery performance is evaluated through charge and discharge tests to ensure that it has good cycle performance and stability.

The above steps are based on the inference of the existing battery preparation knowledge, and the specific parameters and proportions need to be further optimized according to the experimental conditions.

Question 64

Accepted Answer

Compared with several other oxide electrolytes, LLZTO has relatively high ionic conductivity, about 8*10^-4 S/cm, and better stability against lithium metal, which to some extent suppresses lithium dendrite growth. If LLTO or LATP are used, the titanium in them is easily reduced and their stability with lithium is poor. The only issue is that they are not very stable in water, so doping modifications have been made to improve air stability while maintaining ionic conductivity.

Other electrolytes(JC-20)（0.1M NaPF6+1.0M LiPF6 in EC:DMC:DEC=1:1:1 vol% with 5.0%FEC）

Details