Name: PIP40 PI Solid-state Battery Separator
Brand: Canrud
Price: 60.41 USD

Question 1

Accepted Answer

Electrospinning. The composition is pure PI; due to processing factors it is yellow. Not composite, just a yellow film.

Question 2

Accepted Answer

Use fiberglass/regular PE film/alumina ceramic separator, or for all-solid-state use NZSPO.

Question 3

Accepted Answer

For sodium batteries, it is recommended to use glass fiber / regular thick PE / alumina ceramic separators, or for all-solid-state use NZSPO ceramic sheets.

Question 4

Accepted Answer

Symmetric cells generally do not add electrolyte; if it is an all-solid-state cell, to test performance you can add a little.

Question 5

Accepted Answer

Na3Zr2Si2PO12 is a sodium-ion-conducting solid electrolyte used in sodium solid-state battery research. Cells are assembled as button cells; the assembly structure is similar to conventional liquid electrolyte button cells, but the central separator is replaced with a solid electrolyte disc, and no liquid electrolyte is required (a very small amount of liquid electrolyte is added when testing cell performance to wet the interfaces).

Question 6

Accepted Answer

The test temperature depends on the battery test items required, but tests are generally conducted at room temperature.

Question 7

Accepted Answer

The separators inside dry battery cells are ceramic-coated separators; baking at 85°C is fine.

Question 8

Accepted Answer

For sodium batteries, separators generally use glass fiber separators GF-D, or you can directly use lithium battery separators.

Question 9

Accepted Answer

The ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte can be tested directly on pressed pellets. When assembling an all-solid-state battery, it is often mixed with the cathode in a certain ratio to form a composite cathode and is not used directly as the electrolyte layer. The electrolyte layer commonly uses LPSC, the anode uses a lithium–indium alloy, and a mold cell is assembled.

Question 10

Accepted Answer

-PIP40 polyimide solid state battery separator has a pore size parameter of about 2 µm. This parameter indicates that it has a microporous structure suitable for solid-state batteries, which can support electrolyte penetration and ion transport.

### Final answer:
The pore size parameter of PIP40 polyimide solid-state battery separator is about 2 µm, which indicates that it has a microporous structure suitable for solid-state battery applications.

Question 11

Accepted Answer

Solid-state-specific carbon-group anodes are still under development; currently there are no such products. For solid-state-specific lithium metal anodes, lithium–indium alloy is available at present.

Question 12

Accepted Answer

Currently there is niobate-coated NCM811 and lithium borate-coated NCM811; niobate-coated NCM811 is used more widely and feedback is good. There are fewer usage data for lithium borate-coated NCM811.

Question 13

Accepted Answer

LATP solid electrolyte coating separators can theoretically be used with liquids. (If the anode is lithium metal, the LATP-coated side should face the cathode)

Question 14

Accepted Answer

Confirm the voltage window of this fluoride. If it is conventional, LPSC or LLZO are fine; if it is high-voltage, prioritize LLZO.

Question 15

Accepted Answer

For our sodium nickel manganese iron oxide we use our own 12 4 2 separator. For the hard carbon capacity tests, our testing procedure is: rest 2 h, 0.2C DC to 0 V, 0.1C DC to 0 V, 0.01C DC to 0 V, 10 μA DC to 0 V, rest 3 min, 0.1C CC to 2 V.

Question 16

Accepted Answer

Can be used as an anode material for solid-state batteries; lithium–indium alloy can to some extent inhibit lithium dendrite growth, and is commonly paired with sulfides and halides.

Question 17

Accepted Answer

There are currently no all-solid-state films; oxide sheet separators are available. Finished sulfide pure solid electrolyte films are under development and will be launched soon—stay tuned.

Question 18

Accepted Answer

It is concluded that PIP40 polyimide solid-state battery separator may be used in sodium-ion batteries because of the versatility of its basic material. However, the specific applicability needs to be combined with the actual needs of the sodium-electric system and its performance and stability are verified by experiments.

Question 19

Accepted Answer

Not used as the primary electrolyte layer; it is generally used as an ion-conducting additive in the cathode. It can be directly paired with cathode materials such as LCO and NCM622, and the cathode material surface does not need coating.

Question 20

Accepted Answer

PIP40 polyimide solid-state battery separator is a yellow film prepared by electrospinning process and made of pure polyimide (PI). It has the following characteristics: high temperature resistance (decomposition temperature up to 530 ℃), high safety, non-melting, no obvious melting point; rigid support structure is formed between fibers, and the structure is stable after filling gel electrolyte; under extreme conditions (such as acupuncture, Impact) can prevent battery combustion or explosion; high porosity and 3D microporous structure make it suitable for a variety of battery systems. These properties make PIP40 an ideal separator material for solid-state batteries.

Question 21

Accepted Answer

NZSPO — this is a relatively mainstream and mature sodium-ion solid electrolyte technology at present. Regarding stability, it is stable across a voltage range of 0–4.5 V; it is stable at high voltage, and at low voltage it undergoes some reduction and valence change, but this does not greatly affect battery performance. If examining the mechanism microscopically, the low-voltage behavior may involve valence changes at the nanolayer level.

Question 22

Accepted Answer

In theory it's possible; generally vacuum dry at 40°C for 4 hours is sufficient.

Question 23

Accepted Answer

Whether the PIP40 polyimide solid-state battery separator can be used directly depends on whether it has been commercially proven. If it is a verified product, it can be used directly; otherwise, it needs to be further tested to ensure that it meets the battery requirements. This is an inference based on the content of the existing knowledge base.

Question 24

Accepted Answer

Cathodes are generally universal; it depends on system pairing and performance requirements. Currently commonly used are nickel–cobalt–manganese ternary (NCM) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP). LFP offers high safety and long cycle life but has moderate energy density and poor conductivity. NCM has higher energy density and better cycling stability and is an important development direction for solid-state battery cathodes, but high-nickel safety issues still need to be addressed. NCM811 for solid-state use requires coating treatment; there are existing niobate-coated NCM811 and borate-coated NCM811 options, which can be selected according to experimental needs.

Question 25

Accepted Answer

Electrolyte must be added, because this is not a pure solid electrolyte membrane; the intermediate base film is polyethylene (PE), which requires electrolyte to transport lithium ions.

Question 26

Accepted Answer

Vacuum at 40°C. For pouch cells you generally don't need to dry after tab welding; soft packs have a drying process step.

Question 27

Accepted Answer

Yes

Question 28

Accepted Answer

Currently commonly used are graphite, silicon–carbon, and lithium metal anodes. Silicon–carbon options use low silicon content to avoid excessive volume expansion. For lithium metal anodes, serious lithium dendrite growth must be considered in applications; lithium–indium alloy can be used to suppress the longitudinal growth of lithium dendrites to some extent.

Question 29

Accepted Answer

Nano sulfur

Question 30

Accepted Answer

For pure quasi-solid-state electrolytes, it is not recommended to add liquid electrolyte; you can achieve the target experimental results by modifying the formulation or testing conditions.

Question 31

Accepted Answer

Soft pack batteries can use the following isolation film:
-PIP40 polyimide solid-state battery separator: suitable for high-performance, high-safety soft-pack batteries, especially for solid-state or gel systems.
-Glass fiber separator GF-A: suitable for liquid systems, especially for soft-pack batteries with high requirements for liquid absorption and thermal stability.

Therefore, it is recommended to use PIP40 or GF-A as the separation membrane of the soft-pack battery. The specific choice can be determined according to the battery system (liquid/solid), electrolyte type and safety requirements.

Question 32

Accepted Answer

None

Question 33

Accepted Answer

The LATP side faces the positive electrode. LATP is easily reduced by lithium metal.

Question 34

Accepted Answer

You can't. PIP40 polyimide solid-state battery separator is a separator material used inside the battery. Its function is to isolate the positive and negative electrodes and support the electrolyte. It does not have heat sealing and multilayer barrier structure, so it cannot be used as a packaging film for soft-pack batteries. The packaging of soft-pack batteries must use a special aluminum-plastic composite film.

Question 35

Accepted Answer

No, the filter membrane can only be wetted, it cannot become transparent.

Question 36

Accepted Answer

The polyimide solid-state battery separator PIP40 withstands temperatures up to 530°C, and does not melt at this temperature, nor does it have a significant melting point. This is one of the advantages of its products, ensuring the safety of the battery in abnormal use environment. This data is the inferred maximum tolerance temperature, and a safety margin should be considered in actual use.

Question 37

Accepted Answer

Yes, if 14 mm diameter discs are cut and it is known:

-The surface density of the pole piece is 9.2 mg/cm² (total mass of dry film),
-The mass proportion of active substances (such as NCM811) in the slurry is 94.5%,

Then you list the formula:

$$
9.2 	imes \pi 	imes 0.7^2 	imes 0.945
$$

This is the correct way to calculate the mass of active material on the disc.

✅The final result is in milligrams (mg) and can be used for subsequent specific capacity calculations (e. g., mAh/g).

Question 38

Accepted Answer

Carbon cloth cannot be used directly as a lithium battery anode; it has no capacity. Anodes generally use graphite, hard carbon, silicon-carbon, etc.

Question 39

Accepted Answer

Yes, if a disc with a diameter of 14 mm is cut, the total areal density is 9.2 mg/cm² and the mass fraction of active substance is 95%, then the loaded mass of active substance can be calculated according to the following formula:

$$
m = 9.2 	imes \pi 	imes (0.7)^2 	imes 0.95 \approx 13.45\,	ext{mg}
$$

✅The formula is correct, the logic is clear, and the units match.
Therefore, your calculation method is right, and the final result is the actual loading of NCM811 active substance in the disc.

Question 40

Accepted Answer

According to contextual information and common knowledge of battery materials, binders with "thermal catalytic" or "thermal curing" characteristics mainly include:
-PAN (polyacrylonitrile)
-PI (polyimide)

These two types of binders will undergo chemical crosslinking or cyclization reaction during the heating process to form a stable network structure, thereby enhancing the mechanical strength and cycle performance of the electrode. Among them, PAN has been used in industry, while PI is mostly used in high-end or special-purpose batteries. Others, such as CMC, SBR, etc., are physical film-forming binders and do not belong to the thermal catalytic type.

Question 41

Accepted Answer

Yes. Strict moisture control is required, except for electrolytes used in aqueous battery systems.

Question 42

Accepted Answer

The separator is 12 4 2, measured energy density: gravimetric energy density 185 Wh/kg, volumetric energy density 338 Wh/L

Question 43

Accepted Answer

They cannot be baked that high; there is still concern about separator shrinkage

Question 44

Accepted Answer

This separator is composed of a PE base film, an alumina coating, and a LATP oxide electrolyte coating, and does not contain any lithium salts.

Question 45

Accepted Answer

Commonly used binders include PVDF (for the positive electrode), CMC and SBR (for the negative electrode), and new binders such as PAA and PI (for specific materials such as silicon carbon negative electrodes). When selecting an adhesive, it is necessary to select it according to specific application requirements (such as ionic conductivity, bonding strength, cost, etc.).

Question 46

Accepted Answer

Our dry cells have all been baked and can be filled with electrolyte directly.

Question 47

Accepted Answer

We haven't tried that and aren't sure; this asphalt is a very commonly used grade for coating battery materials.

Question 48

Accepted Answer

This separator is the Celgard 2500 separator. We ourselves have not tested it the way the customer did. When we use it, we assemble cells directly and test cell performance.

Question 49

Accepted Answer

Sulfide and halide electrolyte systems can use lithium-indium as the negative electrode, but oxide systems are more suitable for graphite and low-silicon negative electrodes.

Question 50

Accepted Answer

Not at the moment, but we can procure them depending on customer demand. Would this require a nonwoven fabric separator?

Question 51

Accepted Answer

None

Question 52

Accepted Answer

Lithium–sulfur batteries don't have high-voltage cathode issues, so current sulfide electrolytes can all be used. However, if the anode is lithium metal you cannot use LGPS, LPS7 3 11 and the like that are unstable against lithium; using LPSC is relatively better. If using LPSC, particles that are too large make lithium dendrite growth easy, while particles that are too small react with lithium readily; LPSC ~3 μm can be considered. Which specific product to choose and what particle size to use — experimental results can't be guaranteed, since we haven't made solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries; we can only give a rough recommendation.

Question 53

Question 54

Accepted Answer

PIP40 polyimide isolation membrane is not suitable as a composite electrolyte framework membrane requiring "permeation filling" due to its dense pores and surface hydrophobicity, which makes it difficult for 40% solid content sulfide electrolyte slurry to penetrate.

But that doesn't mean it can't be used in sulfide electrolyte systems at all--
It can still be used as a mechanical reinforcement layer or protective layer, and an independent sulfide electrolyte film (non-permeable type) is formed by direct coating on the surface thereof to constitute a multi-layer structure electrolyte.

Therefore, the final judgment is:
👉Can not be used for the preparation of composite films requiring electrolyte penetration;
👉However, it can be used in the sulfide solid electrolyte film of surface coating type or laminated structure to play a supporting and thermal stabilization role.

It is recommended to adjust the use method according to the specific process, or choose a more suitable porous base membrane (such as cellulose membrane, non-woven fabric, etc.).

Question 55

Accepted Answer

Single-crystal has a higher tap density and higher energy density; polycrystalline has better rate performance.

Question 56

Accepted Answer

We haven't tried that, so we're not sure; this grade of asphalt is a very commonly used type for battery material coatings.

Question 57

Accepted Answer

The selection of battery separator should consider factors such as energy density, safety, cycle life, cost and process adaptability:
-Consumer batteries: give priority to high-performance thin wet PE diaphragm;
-Power battery: ceramic coated or glued diaphragm is recommended to improve safety and cycle stability;
-High safety requirements scenario: PP/PE/PP composite diaphragm or high melting point material (such as PET, PI) diaphragm can be selected;
-Low cost solution: dry PP diaphragm can be used;
-Future trend: to the functional, thin, composite development, according to specific needs to customize the diaphragm type.

> Note: The final selection needs to be verified in combination with the actual cell design, material system and production process.

Question 58

Accepted Answer

From our current packaging results, a packaging thickness of about 2.6–2.7 mm works better

Question 59

Accepted Answer

Both are coated; they are just different models of LiFePO4. D-3

Question 60

Accepted Answer

Ceramic coated separators or polyimide (PI) separators are recommended when operating lithium metal batteries at high temperatures. The ceramic coating separator significantly improves the thermal stability and mechanical strength of the separator by coating ceramic materials such as alumina or silica on PE or PP substrates, and effectively prevents thermal shrinkage and short circuits. Polyimide (PI) diaphragms are particularly suitable for applications under extreme high temperature conditions due to their high melting point and excellent mechanical properties. The choice of diaphragm depends on the specific application requirements and cost considerations.

Question 61

Accepted Answer

FSI required

Question 62

Accepted Answer

Just create a group chat to communicate. The customer provides the electrodes and separator; we can handle the assembly.

Question 63

Accepted Answer

This is basically the same usage method as graphite anodes.

Question 64

Accepted Answer

The pellet’s strength and ionic conductivityhave small variations and have very little effect on battery performance, because during cell testing the current itself is very small.

Battery Types	Compatibility	Advantages
All-Solid-State Battery	Applicable	High Voltage Resistance, Low Interfacial Impedance
Lithium Metal Battery	Applicable	Anti-Denial Penetration
Lithium-Sulfur Battery	Applicable	Inhibits Polysulfide Shuttle Travel
Sodium-Ion Battery	Applicable	Long Cycle Life
Traditional Liquid Lithium Battery	Not Applicable	---

Basic Technical Parameters and Performance Indicators
Physical Properties	Item	Unit	PIP Solid State Battery Separator
	Thickness	μm	30±5
	Area Density	g/㎡	3±0.5
	Porosity	%	＞90%
	Air Permeability (100ml)	s	0.080(0.12Bar)
	Operating Temperature	℃	-160~350
	Tensive Strength (TD)	MPa	≥5
	Tensive Strength (MD)	MPa	≥5
	Liquid Absorption Rate	%	≥80

PIP40 PI Solid-state Battery Separator

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