Name: High-capacity electrolyte（Et4NBF4/AN）（1.0M Et4NBF4 in AN=100 vol%）
Brand: Canrud
Price: 72.49 USD

Question 1

Accepted Answer

The total concentration of lithium ions in the electrolyte (KLD-S13) of the lithium-sulfur battery was 1.1 M.

Question 2

Question 3

Accepted Answer

The concentration of lithium electrolyte (KLD-LP17) 1.0M LiPF6 in EC:EMC = 3:7 vol% is 1.0 mol/l (1.0M). This means 1.0 moles of LiPF6 per liter of electrolyte.

Question 4

Accepted Answer

We have this electrolyte, its product code is: MA-EN-ET-0093.

The product information is as follows:
-Name: Lithium Electrolyte (KLD-LP181)
-Formula: 1.0M LiPF in EC:DMC = 1:1 (vol%) with 2.0% VC
-Specifications: 50g, 100g, 250g, 500g, 1000g
-Inventory: in stock (999)
-Storage conditions: to be stored in a glove box with moisture <5ppm, temperature <24°C

This code corresponds to the exact formula you are querying.

Question 5

Accepted Answer

Goods, support direct purchase or custom packaging.

Question 6

Accepted Answer

Possible causes include poor cell assembly stability, material degradation at high rates, or lithium dendrite formation causing micro short circuits.

Question 7

Accepted Answer

Yes, we provide the electrolyte. The product name is "lithium battery electrolyte (KLD-LP02)", the model is MA-EN-ET-0090, and the composition is 1.0M LiPF6 in EC:DMC = 1:1 (vol%) + 2% VC, which is exactly the same as your requirements. Existing 50g to 1000g a variety of specifications, sufficient inventory, can be shipped at any time.

Question 8

Accepted Answer

This material itself has no capacity. The ionic conductivity hasn't been specifically measured; the data are for reference only, since this product is generally used as an inorganic filler. If you want to sinter it into a pellet to measure ionic conductivity, the sintering temperature needs to reach 1500–1600°C, which requires high-spec equipment.

Question 9

Accepted Answer

No, lithium electrolyte (KLD-LP40) is not an aqueous electrolyte. According to its formula "1.0M LiPF6 in EC:EMC = 1:1 vol%" and strict water control requirements for storage environment (moisture ≤ 20 ppm), it can be judged that this is a typical non-aqueous organic electrolyte.

Question 10

Accepted Answer

Use high-nickel specific PVF

Question 11

Accepted Answer

The recommended electrolytes for PMMA-based gel polymer electrolytes are:

👉1.0M LiPFⅨ or LiTFSI is dissolved in mixed solvents such as EC/PC, EC/DMC, EC/EMC, etc., and the volume ratio is usually 3:7 or 1:1.

For example:
-1M LiPF₆ in EC:EMC = 3:7 (vol%)
-1M LiClO₄ in EC:PC = 1:1
-1M LiTFSI in EC:DMC = 1:1

This type of electrolyte has good compatibility with PMMA and can effectively swell to form a gel with high ionic conductivity (up to 10? S/cm), which is suitable for lithium-ion battery systems. This recommendation is based on experimental data and material interaction mechanisms in the literature.

Question 12

Accepted Answer

The recommended voltage range for lithium electrolyte (KLD-LP02)(1.0M LiPF6 in EC:DEC = 1:1 vol% with 5.0%FEC) is 2.5-4.3V vs. Li˙/Li.
The electrolyte is based on a conventional carbonate solvent system and is suitable for medium and low voltage positive electrode systems such as lithium iron phosphate, common ternary materials (such as NCM523), lithium cobalt oxide, etc. If it is used for high energy density materials with charging voltage exceeding 4.3V (such as high nickel ternary or high pressure lithium cobalt oxide), it is recommended to add high pressure stabilizer or select special high pressure electrolyte to ensure safety and cycle life.

Question 13

Accepted Answer

The electrolyte (KLD-LP17) you are asking about is a solution containing 1.0 mol/L of LiPFthat has a molar mass of about 151.9g/mol.

Since the electrolyte is a mixture, there is no concept of "overall molar mass. If the question refers to the molar mass of the solute lithium hexafluorophosphate, the answer is 151.9g/mol.

Question 14

Accepted Answer

Yes, we have this electrolyte. The product name is "lithium battery electrolyte (KLD-LP181)", the model is MA-EN-ET-0093, the composition is 1.0M LiPFis dissolved in EC:DMC = 1:1 (vol%) solvent, and contains 2.0 VC additive, which is completely consistent with the formula you inquired about. Available in a variety of specifications from 50g to 1000g, currently available in stock and need to be stored in a dry environment (such as a glove box).

Question 15

Accepted Answer

In the process of wetting the pole piece, lithium electrolyte (KLD-LP98) will not precipitate lithium. Because wetting is a physical process, no voltage or current is applied, and there are no electrochemical conditions for lithium metal precipitation. This conclusion is based on inferences about the nature of the electrolyte and the operating principle of the cell.

Question 16

Accepted Answer

Common causes include micro short circuits, poor contact, excessive moisture or impurities, electrolyte mismatch, or unstable active materials.

Question 17

Accepted Answer

Not exactly the same.
Although the main salt (1.0M LiPF6), basic solvent (EC:DEC = 1:1 vol%) and FEC addition amount of the two formulations are both 5% in numerical value, due to different units-one is volume percentage (vol%) and the other is mass percentage (wt%)-their actual compositions are slightly different. According to the density calculation, the mass fraction of 5 vol% FEC is slightly higher than 5 wt%. Therefore, strictly speaking, the two formulations are not equivalent. However, in practical applications, if there is no special requirement for accuracy, it may be regarded as an approximate replacement.

Question 18

Accepted Answer

According to the knowledge base content, we can find some electrolyte formulations that can be used directly. For example, there is a simple formula in the electrolyte of lithium-sulfur batteries: 1.0M LiTFSI in DME:DOL = 1:1 Vol%. This electrolyte can be used directly and has good performance.

In addition, there is an electrolyte (KLD-1376) suitable for lithium-cobalt system, which can be directly applied to soft-pack batteries, with good low-temperature discharge performance and excellent cycle performance.

Summary: The simplest electrolyte includes 1.0M LiTFSI in DME:DOL = 1:1 vol% lithium-sulfur battery electrolyte and electrolyte (KLD-1376) suitable for lithium-cobalt system. These electrolytes can be used directly without further treatment. It should be noted that this is only an inference, and the specific application also needs to be selected according to actual needs.

Question 19

Accepted Answer

Recommended hard carbon capacity testing procedure: Rest 4 h, 0.2C DC to 0 V, 0.1C DC to 0 V, 0.01C DC to 0 V, 10 μA DC to 0 V, rest 3 min, 0.1C CC to 2 V.

Question 20

Accepted Answer

We tested it in a half-cell; theoretical gravimetric capacity >95 mAh/g

Question 21

Accepted Answer

Carbon cloth cannot be used directly as a lithium battery anode; it has no capacity. Anodes generally use graphite, hard carbon, silicon-carbon, etc.

Question 22

Accepted Answer

According to the information provided by the knowledge base, there is no direct evidence that lithium sulfur electrolyte (KLD-S03) has a toxic or irritating odor. However, in order to ensure safety, it is recommended to refer to the product safety data sheet (SDS) or contact the supplier for more accurate information.

Question 23

Accepted Answer

Silicon-carbon or SiO-carbon composite materials: no requirement on first-cycle efficiency; after 10 cycles efficiency is around >99.2%; stable cycling for 300 cycles with efficiency >99.8%; capacity retention about 80%; areal capacity 1–3 mAh cm-2; specific capacity 1200 mAh g-1. Do we have such materials? They want to customize electrodes.

Question 24

Accepted Answer

Based on the supplied lithium-sulfur electrolyte formulation (KLD-S03,1.0M LiTFSI in DOL:DME = 1:1 with 2.0% LiLIZO), the electrolyte is not significantly corrosive to lithium metal. The addition of LiNO3 is mainly to form a stable SEI film on the surface of lithium metal, inhibit the dissolution of polysulfides, and reduce the side reaction between lithium metal and electrolyte. Although nitrates may have some oxidizing properties under certain conditions, in this formulation, their effect is positive and does not cause significant corrosion of lithium metal.

Question 25

Accepted Answer

Key points include: capacity balancing between cathode and anode; electrolyte compatibility; formulation to minimize polarization; proper alignment and stacking to ensure stable internal contact.

Question 26

Accepted Answer

It can be used after drying, but there may be some effects: capacity might decrease and internal resistance may increase.

Question 27

Accepted Answer

Confirm the voltage window of this fluoride. If it is conventional, LPSC or LLZO are fine; if it is high-voltage, prioritize LLZO.

Question 28

Accepted Answer

High molecular weight, narrow molecular weight distribution, low catalyst residue, can be completely dissolved in water.

Question 29

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Yes

Question 30

Accepted Answer

There is related data in the electrode sheet parameters on the official website

Question 31

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Capacity and charge/discharge cutoff voltages: 0.1C CC to 4.3V, CV to 0.02C; 0.1C DC to 3.0V. Discharge specific capacity 202 mAh/g.

Question 32

Accepted Answer

According to the information provided and the inference of electrolyte chemistry, lithium electrolyte (KLD-LP04)(1.0M LiPF6 in EC:DMC:EMC = 1:1:1 vol%) is not resistant to 4.9V high voltage. This is a standard base electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries of conventional voltage. Under the high voltage of 4.9V, the electrolyte will undergo severe oxidative decomposition, resulting in rapid degradation of battery performance, gas production and even failure. If you need to support 4.9V, you must use a special high-voltage electrolyte.

Question 33

Accepted Answer

The test temperature depends on the battery test items required, but tests are generally conducted at room temperature.

Question 34

Accepted Answer

Taking out the lithium electrolyte (KLD-LP98) and testing the contact angle, surface tension and dynamic viscosity in air is a safety hazard and not recommended operation.

The reasons are as follows:
-The electrolyte contains LiPFis extremely sensitive to moisture, exposed to the air will quickly absorb moisture, hydrolysis reaction, release toxic, corrosive hydrofluoric acid (HF);
-Not only will it cause distortion of test data (because the electrolyte has deteriorated), but it may also cause damage to operators and instruments;
-The correct approach should be to complete sampling and testing in an inert atmosphere glove box (H₂ O < 5 ppm), or use a sealed in-situ measuring device to avoid air contact.

>>⚠Suggestion: If it is necessary to test on external equipment, it should be operated quickly, the control time is less than 1 minute, and protective equipment should be worn; but the best solution is still to use the test system integrated in the glove box.

Question 35

Accepted Answer

Lithium cobalt oxide (high-voltage type) - Z-4.45V

Question 36

Accepted Answer

The electrolyte is homogeneous.

Question 37

Accepted Answer

Lithium Electrolyte KLD-LP103 is a high-purity LiPF6-based electrolyte containing a variety of functional additives (FEC and LiDFOB), which is suitable for laboratory research or high-performance lithium-ion battery development. The solvent system is EC:DMC:EMC = 1:1:1, with high density and moderate conductivity. Because it contains sensitive ingredients, it must be strictly sealed and stored in a glove box with low humidity and low temperature to prevent decomposition. Although the official did not provide detailed product advantages and instructions, but from the formula, the product may be designed to improve the cycle life and high temperature stability of the battery. Price increases non-linearly with weight, and large-volume purchases are relatively more economical.

Question 38

Accepted Answer

rest 2h, 0.2C DC to 0V, 0.1C DC to 0V, 0.01C DC to 0V, 10 μA DC to 0V, rest 3 min, 0.1C CC to 2V — this is the first cycle gravimetric capacity test step

Question 39

Accepted Answer

Among the different types of electrolytes, oxide solid electrolytes have better resistance to water and oxygen. In particular, LATP, LAGP, and NZSPO have high water stability; LLZO, LLZTO, and LLTO are secondary. Therefore many manufacturers now perform water-resistant modification on LLZO.

Question 40

Accepted Answer

rest 4h, 0.2C DC to 0V, 0.1C DC to 0V, 0.01C DC to 0V, 10μA DC to 0V, rest 3 min, 0.1C CC to 2V. This is the test procedure.

Question 41

Accepted Answer

For our sodium nickel manganese iron oxide we use our own 12 4 2 separator. For the hard carbon capacity tests, our testing procedure is: rest 2 h, 0.2C DC to 0 V, 0.1C DC to 0 V, 0.01C DC to 0 V, 10 μA DC to 0 V, rest 3 min, 0.1C CC to 2 V.

Question 42

Accepted Answer

Wetting is affected by electrolyte composition, viscosity, amount, electrode density, temperature, time, and vacuum conditions. Solutions include using low-viscosity solvents, adjusting salt concentration, increasing electrolyte volume, reducing electrode density, and applying vacuum or elevated temperature aging.

Question 43

Accepted Answer

Follow their previous procedure; no need to consider the fixtures.

Question 44

Accepted Answer

Because this electrolyte pellet has a high lithium content, its color is deep (less lithium volatilization); the white ones have too much lithium volatilization and their ionic conductivity is not high.

Question 45

Accepted Answer

When using a self-made spinel negative electrode (such as Li? Ti? O?) and testing with a KLD-LP85 electrolyte (containing 10% FEC), the phenomenon of "overcharge" was observed after increasing the charge-discharge rate from 1C to 3C. The most reasonable explanation is:

> At high magnification, due to the significant enhancement of electrode polarization (especially electrochemical and concentration polarization), the voltage response lags behind during the charging process, and the constant voltage phase is forced to extend, so that the charging capacity recorded by the system is higher than the normal value at low magnification, showing the illusion of "one more lap. At the same time, FEC additives may undergo additional decomposition under high polarization conditions, contributing a small amount of irreversible capacity, further amplifying this effect. In addition, if the electrode preparation is not uniform or poor contact, the non-uniform reaction of the local area may also cause the overall capacity reading to be abnormal.

This phenomenon is not a true "overcharge" failure, but is more likely the result of a combination of test conditions and control logic. The following measures are recommended for verification:
-Use a three-electrode system to monitor the true negative potential;
-Optimize the constant voltage cut-off current threshold;
-Conduct EIS test to compare the impedance difference under different magnification;
-Confirm whether a net increase in capacity has really occurred or is simply the result of an extended charging time.

> Note: This conclusion is based on the reasonable inference of the behavior of the spinel anode and the characteristics of the electrolyte, and the specific mechanism needs to be further verified with the experimental data.

Question 46

Accepted Answer

Use 5130 for high-nickel, use 900 for ordinary.

Question 47

Accepted Answer

For 811 cathode, the specific capacity is roughly just over 180 mAh/g; this is considered normal.

Question 48

Accepted Answer

PVA or PVB used as binders for preparing electrolyte sheets require a temperature plateau for binder removal during the sintering of the electrolyte sheet, rather than a single-step ramp to high temperature. If binder removal is incomplete, polymer carbonization results in excessive carbon residue in the electrolyte sheet.

Question 49

Accepted Answer

Approaches include: reducing particle size; surface modification or coating; using high-performance conductive additives; reducing binder content while maintaining adhesion; improving mixing uniformity; optimizing current collectors; balancing compaction density; and optimizing electrolyte composition.

Question 50

Accepted Answer

They cannot be baked that high; there is still concern about separator shrinkage

Question 51

Accepted Answer

When electrolyte pellets are prepared by cold pressing, the size cannot be controlled to be identical for every pellet; generally they vary within a range. Achieving very high dimensional precision for each pellet is not possible because thermal shrinkage under the same process also differs, unless hot pressing and sintering are used.

Question 52

Accepted Answer

Tablet pressing pressure is too high, internal stress is excessive, making it prone to cracking. Also affected by the sintering process, density is not high. Need to adjust temperature to increase crystallographic density, and need to suppress lithium volatilization.

Question 53

Accepted Answer

Oxide solid electrolyte powders are themselves formed by sintering. There are several uses: (1) make into a slurry to coat separators; (2) mix into the cathode as an additive to enhance ion conduction; (3) press the powder into green bodies and then sinter to make discs for cell assembly. Note: green bodies made by pressing oxide electrolyte powder have excessively high grain boundary resistance and cannot be used directly for cell testing; (4) use as fillers in composite polymer electrolytes.

Question 54

Accepted Answer

This is not as-fired powder but powder that has already been sintered. To obtain ceramic sheets, pressing and sintering are still required; they cannot be used directly after pressing because oxide particle interfaces do not contact well and grain boundary impedance is high. Before sintering, mill the powder to increase its surface roughness and adsorption, which facilitates powder pressing.

Question 55

Accepted Answer

Is there a charging plot on the official website? Generally, it must not exceed the normal tested electrochemical window. Look up the theoretical capacity on Baidu; I don’t know that either, but the actual capacity will definitely not reach the theoretical capacity.

Question 56

Accepted Answer

None

Question 57

Accepted Answer

The ionic conductivity of the pure polymer is not very high; consider adding fillers yourself to improve it.

Question 58

Accepted Answer

In the field of electrolyte, the English for "volume ratio" is volume ratio (or expressed as vol%), while the English for "mass ratio" is mass ratio or weight ratio (commonly expressed as wt%). According to the knowledge base, the proportion of additives in the electrolyte usually refers to the mass ratio (mass ratio), for example, "1 wt% VC" means that every 100 grams of electrolyte contains 1 grams of VC additive.

Question 59

Question 60

Accepted Answer

It’s best not to use graphite crucibles or graphite-lined furnaces. During the sintering of lithium-ion solid electrolyte pellets, lithium volatilization occurs; the exact species are unclear, and the volatiles can affect the furnace. The same applies to crucibles—the lithium volatiles can reduce crucible lifespan. Graphite crucibles may also contaminate the material, and atmosphere control during sintering would need to be more stringent. Commonly used crucible materials are platinum, alumina, and magnesia.

Question 61

Accepted Answer

That molecular weight really hasn't been made public; it's a binder dedicated to lithium batteries, and the purity is very high.

Question 62

Accepted Answer

Yes, lithium electrolyte (KLD-TF13)(1.0M LiTFSI in EC:PC = 1:1 vol%) will expand in volume during heating. --- ### Analysis of 1. Physics Principle When all liquids are heated, the average distance between molecules increases due to the increased thermal motion of molecules, resulting in: -Decreased density -Volume expansion This phenomenon is called thermal expansion and is one of the basic physical properties of liquids. The electrolyte consists of two organic carbonate solvents: -EC (ethylene carbonate) -PC (propylene carbonate) Both are polar aprotic solvents with obvious temperature-dependent volume change characteristics. --- ### 2. Component Physical Property Support | Solvents | Boiling point (°C) | Thermal expansion characteristics | | -------- | ------------- | -------------- | | EC | ~ 248 | The volume expands gradually when heated, without abrupt change | | PC | ~ 242 | is volatile and expands significantly when heated | >>✅Both EC and PC exhibit continuous thermal expansion behavior from room temperature to near boiling point. Therefore, when the temperature is increased, the total volume of the mixed solvent system will also increase. --- ### 3. Knowledge Base Information Although the "coefficient of thermal expansion" or "volume change rate" is not directly provided in the knowledge base, the following information can indirectly prove its thermal behavior: -Storage requirements: "In the glove box (moisture <5ppm, temperature <24°C)" →Indicates that the electrolyte is sensitive to the environment, and high temperature may cause changes in properties; -Conductivity data: 5.54 ±0.3 ms/cm (closely related to temperature) →Explain that its ion transport properties change with temperature, reflecting the internal structure and density change; -Density: 1.389g/cm³(± 0.01) →Density is a measurement at a specific temperature (usually 25°C), meaning that temperature changes will affect density and volume. --- ### Actual impact of 4. When this electrolyte is heated: 1. Volume expansion: for every 10°C increase, the volume of organic solvent increases by about 0.5-1% (estimated value); 2. Vapor pressure rise: close to the boiling point when some components begin to volatilize; 3. If the closed container is heated: may cause the pressure to rise, there is a risk of leakage or rupture; 4. Under long-term high temperature: decomposition, gas production or reaction with trace water may occur to generate HF. --- ### 5. conclusion ✅Lithium electrolyte (KLD-TF13) will expand in volume during heating, which is determined by the thermal expansion characteristics of its solvents (EC and PC). >>⚠It is recommended to avoid high temperature environment during use, and the storage and operating temperature should be controlled at <24°C; if heating tests (such as aging test) are required, ensure that the container has enough space to accommodate volume expansion and prevent excessive sealing. --- 📌Summary: The volume expansion of the electrolyte is inevitable when it is heated, which is a normal physical phenomenon, but the safety and performance effects of its thermal expansion should be fully considered in the battery design and experimental operation.

Question 63

Accepted Answer

-According to the information provided by the knowledge base, the electrolyte used for the hard carbon negative electrode contained 5.0% FEC, which indicates that FEC is the film-forming agent used to form the SEI film in this system.
-Therefore, FEC is the main SEI film-forming additive in this sodium battery hard carbon negative electrode system.

### Final answer

In sodium-ion battery hard carbon negative systems, the additive typically used to form the SEI film (but not the CEI film) is FEC (fluoroethylene carbonate). According to the knowledge base information, the electrolyte used is 1.0M NaClO in EC:DEC(1:1) containing 5.0% FEC, indicating that FEC is used as SEI film former to improve the first efficiency and cycle stability.

Question 64

Accepted Answer

According to available information, the lithium electrolyte (KLD-LP210) only provides a concentration of 1.0M LiPF6, and there is no higher concentration version such as 2M or 3M.

High-capacity electrolyte（Et4NBF4/AN）（1.0M Et4NBF4 in AN=100 vol%）

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